The author carries out the analysis of the methodological difficulties on socioethology – the science having to do with animal societies. The development of the ecological and evolutionary socioethology will be fruitful, in her opinion, if we succeed in finding the harmonic unity of the holistic and elementaristic, stochastic and deterministic views. In the framework of such an approach, we have in perspective the wide use of the methods and mathematical apparatus of synergetics for description of social processes.

In the work, on the basis of analysis of the prerequisites and indications of approaching of the revolutionary transformations in the bases of the modern physics, the author draws to the conclusion about the actuality of the task of transition to a new level of the fundamental ideas about the physical reality. The quantitative specificity of the new object-sphere predetermines the necessity of the dialectical synthesis of the mutually exclusive opposites. Such synthesis will present us the system of generalized (postnonclassical) ideas about physics (and mathematics).

The gravitational constant represented as the methodological limiting principle with the ontological basis is examined in this paper. The specific form of this limitation and the empirical regularity of the planet arrangement in the Solar system create this ground.

The author directs his attention to the presence of two difficulties in defending of thesis about the genetic connection of the philosophy and democracy in Ancient Greece. The first of these difficulties is examined in the given paper. The essence of this difficulty is in the fact that the Greek philosophy was born as that of Nature but not as the social philosophy. Trying to solve this difficulty, the author accentuates the value loading on the first philosophical doctrines, concerning the Nature. In them, he perceives the “cosmological” substantiation of the “naturality” of the values of the police democracy, which was in the making at that very time.

The world outlook is always in conformity with the hierarchy of values. That is why it is very important to trace certain changes in the system of value orientations, which lead to corresponding changes in the world outlook. In such cases, we get the indication of the axiological aspect of the formation of the problem in the world outlook. This paper is aimed to demonstrate the great changes of values in the process of transition from epos to tragedy. It is shown that such changes represent themselves the value prerequisites for formation of the theodicy problem in the Antiquity.

The paper is devoted to analysis of the connection between the philosophical scepticism of David Hume and his urgent requirements concerning precision of judgements. It is shown that D. Hume’s criticism in connection with the necessary character of causality does not satisfy his own criteria of the precision for the philosophical judgements. D. Hume’s distinctions for the main concepts – ideas versus impressions, simple versus complex, simple ideas versus simple impressions – are analysed. Some arguments against the universal character of these distinctions are proposed. It is also shown that some of the arguments can not be qualified as the sceptical ones, as for instance, his argument that existence does not belong to the so-called “philosophical” relations.

The main idea of this paper – to show the importance of the conception of the history of philosophy in the critical systematic philosophy. By this way, the subjective conditions of the historical stability of mind, consisting in self-consciousness of the latter, and the practical conditions of the historical demonstration of knowledge, those connected with ideas of the free man’s morality, have been analysed. Besides, the meanings of the I. Kant’s conception of the historical horizons and the related one of the historical analyses have been examined. These conceptions create the general contextual base for revealing of the place of the history of philosophy in the critical philosophy of I. Kant.

In the paper, the necessity to determine all over again the place of Siberia in the regional and global measurements of the XXIst century is examined, as well as the methodological aspects of the problem of joining up of the forces interested in the development of Siberia, are analysed. This work is carried out within the limits of the Novosibirsk Department of the Academy of Social Sciences and the Chair of UNESCO attached to the Novosibirsk State University.

The transition of the World to the sustainable development is one and only alternative to the approaching apocaliptical catastrophe. The other methodological approaches, proposed by some scientists for solving of this problem, seem to be the unreal ones. In this paper, the conception "sustainable development" is defined by the author as the social progress, with a balanced consumption of the Nature. The attempts of some opponents to isolate themselves from the political aspects of the task of overcoming of the ecological crisis are considered him to be groundless in their methodology.

This paper is a continuation of the theme concerning the problem of the sustainable social development. On the base of the naturalistic approach and adhering to the position of the State level of requirements, the author examines the system of the value orientations. In his opinion, realization of this system will allow to ensure the evolutionary character of the social processes in the State.

The modern globalistics is the multiparadigmal one, but it is restricted by the Christian World limits. Side by side with the Roman Club doctrine and the conception of the sustainable development, the “world-system analysis”, the “universal evolutionism (coevolutionism)”, the “mitosis of biospheres”, the “global development”, as well as the paradigms of the “unipolarity” and “meetings (conflicts) of civilizations” are the most influential ones. The specificity of the paradigms is formed by the local sociocultural experience and the scientific-philosophical orientation.

This paper is a result of the long-term ethnocultural investigations of the author, carried out from the philosophical and sociological methodology standpoint and stipulating creation of the conceptual theoretico-methodological model of culture, with analyses of the specific ethnical peculiarities and projecting of the model onto the concrete empirical material, relating to the ethnical and interethnical associations of the Siberian Region. Such an approach allowed to work out the new principles of the social policy on the base of the value potential of the traditional culture. And this is, as a matter of fact, the humanitarian aspect of formation, in the transitional period of the technology of the sustainable social development.

In the context of the modern geopolitical situation of Russia, some problems of contacts of the civilizations and ethnoses of Siberia, the tendencies of orientation of the political movements and national elites on the “poles” of the political picture of the World, as well as possible consequences of such orientation for the territorial integrity of Russia and its sustainable development, are examined.

The social tension is defined as a form, in which the integrity of development of any social object, the one connected with preservation of the system organization of this or that object, is realized. The typology of the social tension is conditioned by the content and level of the normative regulation of the subjects. The problem of the sustainable social development is realized in action as a task of formation of the system of control over the bifurcation processes on the base of regulation of the system of social tension.

The author examines some problems of the social co-operation, arising from the truly instrumental conception of rationality. The main attention is paid to the gap between the individual and collective rationality, for this gap helps us to understand the roots of the paradox of the social co-operation. In the paper, some ethical and game-theoretical arguments, giving proof of the necessity of the collective activities, are discussed, as well as more general concept of the “social participation”, which seems to be the perspective one for discussing of the problem of practical rationality and social co-operation, is introduced and substantiated.

In the paper, an analysis of the urbanization process and the ecological consequences of the latter is carried out. The factors stimulating the unlimited growth of towns are described. It is demonstrated that the so-called “suburban emigration”, becoming at present the more and more mass phenomenon, does not promote approaching of man to the Nature and only redoubles the ecological problems of towns. The author proposes the model of three-belt system of settling, which is able to become an important element in the sustainable development strategy.

The idea of socialism in Russia was simultaneously the national and international phenomenon and it existed in different forms and genres. About socialism much was told in the works of philosophers, economists, historians, writers, in publications of the revolutionaries and speeches of representatives of the Church. The peasant community in Russia and the collective possession of the earth and instruments of production became the economical basis for transition to the socialist system.

The author pays a special attention to the theoretical and cognitive aspects of the philosophy of history, those examined in the works of Jean Foucault. The specific peculiarities of his epistemological analysis of the problems of history are noted. Among the latter, – the intermittence of history, the existence of not only the common history but also some other types of history. The main idea of the J.Foucault’s interpretation of history – transition from ideas of the intellectual elite to discourses of the disciplinary institutions, which have a direct influence on our life. History is knowledge of life of any society and this knowledge gives power to the latter through the system of disciplinary institutions.

In the paper, a reconstruction of views of the founder of the symbolic interactionism G.G.Meade concerning the problem of social interaction is represented, the role of symbols in the process of interaction of individuals and the formation of personality in the course of interiorization of the contacts are analysed. The conception of social interaction, represented by G.G.Meade< is appreciated as the one having the limited sphere of employment – description of the sphere of contacts between individuals.

The author investigates one of the key problems of the philosophy of law – relations of law and justice. The problematical situation and the main critical positions concerning justice, especially from the anarchism and positivism points of view, are elucidated. Unfolding of the logic of alignment of law and justice is an essential aspect of the investigation. At the first stage, law is the minimum of morality and at the second stage, justice is one of the most important qualities of law. The characteristic features of law as justice are studied. The philosophical and legal base of the analysis is used for more profound interpretation of the principle of justice in the criminal law and legislation itself, as well as for appreciation of legitimacy of the State and power.

In this paper, two main problems of the system of the constitutional control in Russia, in the conditions of the political and legal modernization, are examined. Firstly, the factors of the political, legal and territorial character, which had an influence on the specific features of the Russian model of the constitutional control, are determined. Secondly, those functions of the constitutional control, which, being realized, have to ensure the unity of the renewed legal system of Russia, the stability of mechanism of the State power, the observance of the main rights and liberties of man an citizen, are analysed.

The author examines some peculiarities of the modern stage of interaction of the traditional and industrial societies and the role of the aboriginal law in regulation of such interaction. He also carries out an analysis of the content of the qualitative change of the rules of the international law in respect of the aborigines, as well as the positive experience of Canada in solving of the problem of the legal status of the aborigines. The aboriginal law is appreciated as a condition of preservation of originality of the aboriginal peoples and the one of their positive integration into the modern society.

On the base of the results of the sociological investigations, the author carries out an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of migration of scientists of the NSC abroad. In particular, the material and socio-phychological factors, stimulating this migration, the scale and structure of the potential migrants have been determined, as well as the comparative appreciation of the scientists, who worked abroad, of the state and development of the native and western science is given.

The paper is devoted to the empirical socio-psychological measurement of level of the human potential of the country population of the pomors of the Russian North. In it, the results of investigations of the demographic state of the population and the socio-psychological state of the rural community, every family and every man are given. According to 25 indices, the quality of the human potential of the examined association of the country residents of the White Sea Area – their will to life – has the alarming low indicators.